EU&Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

EU&Middle East - Essay Example â€Å"According to an ongoing Euro indicator survey, just a single third of individuals in the UK feel both British and European, while 66% consider themselves being simply British† (Figel, p.3). Jean Monnet, one of the principle originators of the European Union, concurs that the social contrasts block the EU incorporation; â€Å"If I could take advantage of a new open door for the political mix of Europe, I would begin from culture and not from the economy† (Dudt, p.3). There are numerous few unique religions in European nations, including Roman Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, Protestantism, Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, Judaism and Buddhism. These strict substances are distinctive regarding their customs, convictions and belief systems, which affects the way of life and ways of life of their devotees. Roman Catholicism is the biggest religion in Europe, with supporters for the most part in the nations of Latin Europe and Eastern Europe. Universal Christians are intensely populated in Rumania, Bulgaria, and Greece while Protestant Christians are found for the most part in nations of Western Europe, including Denmark, Germany, Finland, Sweden and so forth. In spite of these extraordinary social assorted varieties, a large portion of the European nations had the option to amass under the banner of EU, what empowered them to increment both the national monetary development and their dealing power in the worldwide exchange exercises. The nations of the Middle East, particularly the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Oman), are generally goof exchanging accomplices of Europe. The Gulf Cooperation Council, a political and financial association which includes all the Gulf nations, is the EU’s fifth biggest fare showcase and the European Union is for the Gulf locale the second most significant exchanging accomplice (Gulf area, 2010). The measurements from 2009 uncover that the abso lute EU exchange with the Gulf participation committee adds up to 79.7 billion euro. The EU’s Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), which gives creating nations decreased duties for their products when entering the European market, empowers every one of the six Gulf nations to profit by particular access to the EU advertise (Gulf area, 2010). With the EU fares of merchandise to the Gulf area evaluated at 57,8 billion euro, and EU import of products assessed at 21.8 billion euro, the two locales have built up a significant monetary association. Figure 1: GCC, Trade with the European Union Source: GCC, EU Bilateral Trade and Trade with the World, 2011. Figure 2: EU Trade with the World and EU Trade with the GCC (2009) Source: Source: GCC, EU Bilateral Trade and Trade with the World, 2011. Exchange relations between the European Union and the Middle East, generally Gulf nations, are influenced by a few monetary, political, and social components. This paper investigations the achievement and disappointments of EU’s exchange tie ups with Middle East throughout the years. The exchange relations between the European Union and the GCC go back to the mid-1980s. In1988, the two associations marked the EU-GCC Cooperation Agreement, which pointed â€Å" to fortify relations between the European Economic Community and the Gulf Countries, to expand and unite their financial and specialized collaboration relations, and to help reinforce the procedure of monetary turn of events and

Fractional Distillation Process

Wellbeing, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (CBB 2012) TITLE: FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION PROCESS ? Substance 1. Title†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 2. Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3. Presentation of Case Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4. Hazard Scenario Development†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. Legitimization of Fault Tree Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 6. Techniques of Fault Tree Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7. Flaw Tree Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 8. Conceivable Risk Associated with Hazards†¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 9. Mishap Consequences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 10.Method to Control the Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 11. Answer for Minimize the Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 12. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 13. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 ? Synopsis Crude oil is one the most significant non-sustainable sources on Earth. Interest for this dark thick fluid is developing each day in this time if present day innovation. Power, vehicles and synthetics are among the significant buyers of oil liquids or raw petroleum. Raw petroleum could be alluded to as the ‘black gold’ because of its costly cost and muddled creation process.Unlike gold, unrefined petroleum normally is futile in its essential structure. A procedure called fragmentary refining or oil refining should be done onto the unrefined petroleum to isolate it into different segments which later could be utilized to fle xibly power to private houses or assembling vehicles. Partial refining or oil refining is the way toward isolating raw petroleum into various segments dependent on their hydrocarbon chains. It is one of the most significant procedures in the oil and gas industry.Basically there are two sorts of partial refining which are in lab fragmentary refining and modern partial refining. Both have diverse technique for leading the procedure yet use the comparative idea. Mechanical oil refining includes the detachment of various length of hydrocarbon chain into explicit treatment facility section which will deliver items, for example, petroleum, naphtha, lamp fuel and diesel. Anyway oil refining has its own perils and hazard. It is exceptionally combustible and could make a significant fiasco the plant.The motivation behind this report is to consider a case situation including the fragmentary refining procedure and its latent capacity perils and dangers. Presentation In 1859, the oil business s tarted with the fruitful penetrating of the primary business oil well and the opening of the main treatment facility to process the unrefined into lamp oil. The improvement of oil refining from basic refining to the present advanced procedures has made a requirement for wellbeing and security the executives methodology and safe work practices.Refining is the handling of one complex blend of hydrocarbons into various other complex blends of hydrocarbons. Because of changing consumer’s interest for better and various items, oil refining has advanced persistently. The first necessity was to create lamp fuel as a less expensive and preferable wellspring of light over whale oil. The creation of gas and diesel powers came about because of advancement of the inside ignition motor. These days, treatment facilities produce an assortment of items. It was before long found that top notch greasing up oils could be delivered by refining oil under vacuum.For the following 30 years lamp oil was the item purchasers needed because of two huge occasions, first is development of the electric light diminished the interest for lamp oil and second, innovation of the inner burning motor which made an interest for diesel fuel and gas, otherwise called naphtha. A large portion of our cutting edge way of life relies upon oil. The biggest petroleum treatment facility is the Paraguana Refining Complex in Venezuela, which can process 940,000 barrels of oil every day. Samuel M. Kier was the primary individual to refine unrefined petroleum and he utilized the combustible oil delivered by his salt wells to light his salt works at night.The consuming rough created a terrible smell and a lot of smoke. In 1850, Kier began trying different things with refining and his refining tests were fruitful and by 1851, Kier delivered an item called Carbon Oil, a fuel oil which ignited with little smoke and smell. Before the finish of the 1860s, Samuel M. Kier spent a lot of his life attempting to m ake unrefined petroleum helpful and significant and en route he brought forth the U. S. refining industry. A report dependent on partial refining or oil refining as a contextual investigation is utilized to decide the danger and hazard include in the assembling process.Therefore, security insurances could be taken while countering a mishap. Hazard SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT Risk might be considered as the potential or unfavorable impacts to human wellbeing or gear misfortune coming about because of an action or occasion whenever presented to a danger. A hazard situation is a significant idea before directing a hazard evaluation. In light of the contextual investigation expressed beforehand, a hazard situation including oil refining procedures will be created if there should be an occurrence of crisis circumstance during which time a specific system should be followed to keep any mishap from happening.There are different compartments in oil refining process. Rather than exploring a specifi c part which demonstrates explicit procedure at once, this report will sum up on all segments include in raw petroleum refining. Oil treatment facility included shut procedures. Two classes of dangers will be brought up which are contamination hazard and perils chance. Contamination chance incorporates the arrival of synthetic compounds into the air which could influence human’s wellbeing living close to the processing plant plant.Apart from air contamination impacts there are likewise wastewater concerns. Wastewater is fluid waste released by residential living arrangements, business properties, industry farming which regularly contains a few contaminants that outcome from the blending of wastewater from various sources. Inappropriate wastewater treatment could present medical issues to human. Commotion contamination could likewise fills in as a potential wellspring of contamination because of mechanical clamor which could make unsettling influence local location close to th e plant. Danger chance includes blast, fire and corrosion.Heaters and exchangers in the environmental and vacuum refining units could give a wellspring of start. Other than that, there is a potential for a fire to exist should a hole happen inside the processing plant. Wet hydrogen sulfide will cause splits in steel which could prompts spill. The fundamental peril chance is consumption which is a concoction risk. Areas of the procedure helpless to erosion incorporate preheat exchanger and hydrogen sulfide, preheat heater and bottoms exchanger and climatic pinnacle and vacuum furnace.Efficiency in oil treatment facility is exceptionally critical to decrease the expense of upkeep. Erosion could cause effectiveness decrement and the disappointment of gear just as interfering with the upkeep calendar of the treatment facility during which time the entirety of the segment must be closed down. Support identified with consumption in the processing plant is exorbitant and could reach up to billions of dollars. Legitimization OF FAULT TREE ANALYSIS Fault tree investigation (FTA) is utilized to dissect the contextual investigation. FTA is a disappointment investigation procedure and it includes analyzing going before occasions paving the way to a framework failure.The tree begins with the mishap occasion and working in reverse through time, separates it into a progression of contributory occasions that are organized by specific guidelines and rationale. This procedure of separating the occasion to distinguish contributory causes and their communication proceeds until the underlying drivers are recognized. The rationale chart shows the different coherent mixes of disappointments that can bring about a mishap. Focal points of Fault Tree Analysis 1. Simple to peruse and comprehend. 2. Can deal with different disappointments or mixes of disappointments. 3.Exposes the requirements for control or defensive activities to lessen the hazard. 4. Rapidly uncovered basic ways. 5. T he outcomes can give either subjective or quantitative information for the hazard evaluation process. 6. Coordinates the expert deductively to mishap related occasions. 7. Valuable in researching mishaps or issues coming about because of utilization of an intricate framework. 8. Great for guaranteeing interfaces are broke down with regards to their commitment to the top undesired occasion. Shortcomings of Fault Tree Analysis 1.

Fitzpatrick, Thomas

Fitzpatrick, Thomas Fitzpatrick, Thomas, c.1799â€"1854, American trapper, fur trader, and guide, one of the greatest of the mountain men , b. Co. Cavan, Ireland. He emigrated early to the United States, and by 1823 he was engaged in St. Louis for a trading expedition of William Henry Ashley up the Missouri. Like others of the mountain men, he spent many of the succeeding years opening up the West. He went with Jedediah S. Smith into the Green River country through the South Pass in 1824. Fitzpatrick worked for the Ashley interests until Ashley withdrew (1826) from the trade; then he was a trader for Smith, Jackson, and Sublette until 1830, when the Rocky Mountain Fur Company was formed with Fitzpatrick as senior partner. After that company was dissolved (1834), Fitzpatrick became a guide. He piloted the John Bidwell party, the first emigrant train bound for California, as far as Fort Hall in 1841, and the next year he performed the same service for the first train to Oregon. He gained some celebri ty as guide to John C. Frémont on his second expedition and in 1846 was guide to Stephen W. Kearny on the march to Santa Fe. In Nov., 1846, he was appointed Indian agent for a large part of the present Colorado and was successful in negotiating treaties. See L. R. Hafen and W. J. Ghent, Broken Hand: The Life Story of Thomas Fitzpatrick (1931); B. De Voto, Across the Wide Missouri (1948). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Portrait Of William Pitt The Younger Painted By George...

â€Å"Portrait of William Pitt the Younger painted by John Young, 1797 † â€Å"Portrait of William Wilberforce from a picture by George Richmond. Under the Superintendence of the society for the diffusion of useful knowledge. London Published by Charles Knight and company Ludgate Street. Engraved by E. Scriven.† The portrait of William Pitt the Younger, that hangs in the Center for Study of the Life and Work of William Carey, D.D., Museum and Research Collection. It was painted by John Young in 1797, while Pitt was serving as the Prime minister of Great Britain. William Pitt the Younger, is best known for, at the age of 24, serving as the youngest prime minister of Great Britain. His father William Pitt the Elder, also served as the prime minister†¦show more content†¦His portrait can also be found at the museum. It is from a picture painted by George Richmond, who under the superintendence of the society for the diffusion of useful knowledge painted it. The painting was engraved by Edward Scriven. Wilberforce, a strong abolitionist, was a member of parliament and supported the work of William Carey. Wilberforce and Pitt meet at Cambridge University. After Pitt became prime minister, Wilberforce supported him during the difficult months of transition. Wilberforce was not only an a bolitionist, he also was a philanthropist and a politician. In March of 1784, Wilberforce delivered a speech at the Yorkshire County meeting in the Castle Yard at York, in which he announced himself to the assembled freeholders. This brought him much public attention, in which he emerged as a compromise Pittite candidate. On April 6th, he won the election, and was a representative of Yorkshire, England’s largest county. He achieved all this at the young age of 24 years old! This position helped open his way to political weight which helped him later in his career. In 1785, Wilberforce because a Christian. Isaac Milner was the primary influence for his decision for Christ. He sought spiritual guidance from the foremost evangelical clergyman, John Newton. Through a variety of associations, Wilberforce started to gain a concern for the welfare of the slaves and for the abolition of the slave trade. In May

Visual Rhetorical Analysis Into the Wild Essay - 1043 Words

Name: Lu Seng Chuin ENGL250 FD Visual Rhetorical Analysis: Into The Wild (Rough Draft) The movie â€Å"Into The Wild† is a true story depicts the desperation of a young Emory graduate, Christopher Johnson McCandless, to flee from the invisible binding of societal pressure and family problems; and worked his way through the unusual journey to Alaskan. The story began with his college graduation and inner frustration to his broken family, then proceeds through a series of events full with mix feelings of joy, loneliness, and lost; in the end he died of starvation in the derelict bus with sorrow and hopeless in Alaskan wilderness in September 1992. This movie is not plainly about the boldness of a young adventurer or his intended†¦show more content†¦This scene indicated how passionate a young adventurer wanted to show the old man his new discovery, yet to no avail, as Ron seemed to do it perfunctorily and mainly because of polite mannerism. Ron ended up giving up and climbed down the hill. However this is only the beginning transition of Ron’ s life, which symbolizes a typical life of the man who adheres strongly to the social norm, rules and regulation without thinking of leaving own comfort zone and experience the new stuffs. It is the introduction into the exchange of knowledge and thoughts of life with each others. Next, the director fully utilizes the cinematography techniques of pace and building a scene together. Penn used the lonely yet relaxing background music to slowly depict the interaction moments between Ron and Chris for certain period of time with barely include any dialogue between the characters, typically the progress of making the personal leather belt. It aims to emphasize the willingness, seriousness and joy of Chris to learn new skills and spend time with Ron. On the other sides, the old man was also pleased to have his company along. Indirectly, the director may try to bring off the message that no man is an island. There is greater happiness when there are companionShow MoreRelatedPreserving Bio Diversity Among Fish Populations1164 Words   |  5 PagesRestoring Bio-Diversity Amongst Fish Populations: An Analysis of Visual Rhetoric Throughout the planet the effects of over fishing are being experienced daily. In fact, 24% of the world’s fish species are overexploited, depleted, or recovering from depletion (World Wildlfe Fund). Defined, overfishing is the process of catching fish in massive quantities, with the possibility of causing extinction among a species of fish. While it is understood that catching more fish now will lead to a drasticRead MorePoetry and War1681 Words   |  7 Pagesconnotations associated with the word â€Å"dead†. Diction is used, â€Å"Dull porters watched them, and a casual tramp†¦staring hard, sorry to miss them†¦,† to demonstrate that most onlookers have a lack of emotion towards war. The rhetorical question, â€Å"Shall they return to beatings of great bells in wild train-loads?,† conveys the uncertainty of war, where a soldier’s fate is unknown to many. The composer’s use of repetition â€Å"A few, a few, too few for drums and yells†, conveys a sense of loneliness, as there areRead MoreANALYSIS OF SEK Mhakayi 11491 Words   |  6 Pages ANALYSIS OF ‘AFTER THE BATTLE’ by S.E.K Mqhayi MqhayiRead MoreDevil in a Blue Dress Rhetorical Analysis Novel vs. Film Essay2428 Words   |  10 Pagesin 1995 and was directed by Carl Franklin and starred Denzel Washington, who also financed and produced the film (Easy Writer). From a well-liked hardboiled detective novel to a contemporary film, viewers and readers are restricted from several rhetorical devices and techniques displayed in either mediums such as point of view, tone and imagery. 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Among his widely known novels are Kitty Foyle and The Trojan Horse. The subject matter of the excerpt is a quarrel between Laura and Gordon, a married couple, they have to struggle through and a common mother-in-law stereotype, which Christopher Morley opposes the with two very likable and charming womenRead MoreStylistic Analysis10009 Words   |  41 PagesConclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦29-30 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31-32 Introduction The theme of the course paper is concerned with the stylistic analysis of five poems by different authors (D.H. Lawrence, H.W. Longfellow, R. Burns, Ch. Kingsley, B. Googe). 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African American Stereotypes in the Media Free Essays

Jakaya McCambry 10/02/12 African American Stereotypes in the Media When I first heard someone say, â€Å"All African American people are Ghetto,† I was very offended that someone would make this type of assumption about my culture, and I thought how ignorant this person must be; but then I stopped and wondered why other people would think this about us. I asked her why she would say something like this, and she instantly listed shows like Tosh. O and Chelsea Lately, which highlight my culture in a negative view. We will write a custom essay sample on African American Stereotypes in the Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was clear to me that she had made up her mind about black people through watching the media and seeing African Americans fulfill that stereotype in person. This led me to question: Where exactly do these stereotypes come from? Are African American stereotypes still apparent in the media? What shows, movies, etc have made others portray our race as â€Å"Ghetto† or other lists of stereotypes? Are there any solutions to stop African American stereotypes? When we subscribe to the belief that groups of member are expected to possess certain characteristics, we are engaging stereotypes. When these groups are evaluated based on what the perceiver believes the target ought to be, judgments are made. These judgments concerning these individuals, based on their membership in a group or judgments made about people are not particularly based on facts. Stereotypes about our race dates all the way back to slavery. The beliefs that we were dishonest, promiscuous, and violent were evident during slavery of our black race. More recently the media sets the tone for morals, values, info about our culture; leading people to believe everything they see on TV including black stereotypes. It is a fact that one out of three people are said to have more than one TV in their house, which shows that media is a source for how people form perceptions about people (Tosi 13). Perception thus becomes a reality to people, and once people perceive it, stereotyping is born. Stereotyping of African Americans in the media has stemmed from how the media has presented African Americans to the world. There is a theory by George Gerbner that states, â€Å"Individuals who frequently watch high contents of television will begin to believe that they are living in a world similar to what is portrayed on the screen (GerbnerGross, 1976). It is the idea that whether something is being portrayed as negative or positive on television, most people will believe it. There is a fact which says that about six percent of African Americans are seen in comedies and dramas (Tosi 14). Within that category, they are mostly illustrated as being lazy, loud, uneducated and poor. For example, in movies like The Color Purple and shows like Good Times demonstrates negative perceptions of our race. On the other hand, shows like The Cosby show and Fresh prince of Bel Aire try and broaden the viewer’s idea of a typical â€Å"black† family. These shows highlight black people living a very high class, educated, wealthy lifestyle. And so, as we see, the media ultimately controls how our race as they perceived, whether it is negative or positive. Since the media has a strong influence on the people’s perceptions of each other, they are the real deciding factor on how to solve the problem of stereotyping. We could possibly find solutions by matching every negative stereotype with a positive one, so that the good and bad cancel each other out. This is just a start; we want it so that when other cultures look at us, degrading stereotypes pertaining to our race will not come to mind. I believe we as inviduals also have the power to choose not to conform to our own stereotypes. Bordewich once said, â€Å" Only by abandoning many long-held, lovingly-held, myths and fantasies; we will become able to shape a healthy rational policy for people’s whose real life s far more complex and interesting, than our persistent fantasies. † So although the entertainment in the media may be interesting, we as a culture need to lead and be as catalyst in ending these demeaning stereotypes. Stereotypes can be good or bad, but given the evidence from my research on this topic, I can conclude that most African American stereotypes are negative. The way entertainment in the media portrays us has greatly affected how others identify us. Movies and shows like; Madea’s family Reunion, Bringing down the House, Love and Hip Hop, and Basketball Wives all portray us in a degrading way. People sometimes find it comical of course, but the fact that it is comical does not justify it being debasing. This image of us has evolved from things in the media, and its’ power to shape people’s idea of us. We as a race must stop living up to our stereotypes. As soon as we take action in not succumbing to our own stereotype, people will not think we are â€Å"Ghetto† or any other undignified term they think of us; therefore in the media we won’t be perceived in that way. As Colin Powell once said, â€Å"Fit no stereotypes. Don’t chase the latest management fads. The situation dictates which approach best accomplishes the team’s mission. † Although African American stereotyping is prevalent in the media now because of its’ entertaining quality; it perpetuates a cycle of harmful stereotypes. As long as this cycle continues, our culture will always be illustrated negatively. Works Cited Dixon, Travis L. â€Å"Network News And Racial Beliefs: Exploring The Connection Between National Television News Exposure And Stereotypical Perceptions Of African Americans. †Ã‚  Journal Of Communication  58. 2 (2008): 321-337. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2012 Horton, Yurii, Eric Brown, and Raagen Price. â€Å"PORTRAYAL OF MINORITIES IN THE FILM, MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRIES. †Ã‚  PORTRAYAL OF MINORITIES IN THE FILM, MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRIES. Ethics of Development in a Global Environment (EDGE), 1 June 1999. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. http://www. stanford. edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/mediarace/portrayal. htm. Retirethechief. â€Å"Stereotypes and Symbolism: Images Can Hurt. †Ã‚  Stereotypes and Symbolism: Images Can Hurt. RetireTheChief. org, May 2003. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. http://www. retirethechief. org/Essays/stereotype0503. html. Sanders, Meghan S. , and Srividya Ramasubramanian. â€Å"An Examination Of African Americans’ Stereotyped Perceptions Of Fictional Media Characters. †Ã‚  Howard Journal Of Communications  23. (2012): 17-39. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. Tosi, Paula. â€Å"Thinking About What We See: Using Media Literacy To Examine Images Of African Americans On Television. †Ã‚  Black History Bulletin  74. 1 (2011): 13-20. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. Ramasubramanian, Srividya, and Mary Beth Oliver. â€Å"Activating And Suppressing Hostile And Benevolent R acism: Evidence For Comparative Media Stereotyping. †Ã‚  Media Psychology  9. 3 (2007): 623-646. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. Moon J. Lee, Shannon L. Bichard, Meagan S. Irey, Heather M. Walt Alana J. Carlson, (2009)Television Viewing and Ethnic Stereotypes: Do College Students Form Stereotypical Perceptions of Ethnic Groups as a Result of Heavy Television Consumption?. Howard Journal of Communications 20:1, pages 95-110. Bradley W. Gorham, (2006) News Media’s Relationship With Stereotyping: The Linguistic Intergroup Bias in Response to Crime News. Journal of Communication 56:2, pages 289-308. C. Mo Bahk Fred E. Jandt, (2004)  Being White in America: Development of a Scale. Howard Journal of Communications 15:1, pages 57-68. â€Å"Stereotypes In Media. †Ã‚  Stereotypes In Media. N. p. , n. d. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. http://serendip. brynmawr. edu/local/scisoc/sports03/papers/lgataullina. html. Monique Kloosterman, et al. â€Å"‘Shake It Baby, Shake It’: Media Preferences, Sexual Attitudes And Gender Stereotypes Among Adolescents. †Ã‚  Sex Roles  63. 11/12 (2010): 844-859. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. Hutchison, Phillip J. â€Å"Reexamining Jack Johnson, Stereotypes, And America’s White Press, 1908–1915. †Ã‚  Howard Journal Of Communications23. 3 (2012): 215-234. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Pickering, Michael. â€Å"Sex In The Sun: Racial Stereotypes And Tabloid News.   Social Semiotics  18. 3 (2008): 363-375. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. Li Chen, et al. â€Å"Male Mammies: A Social-Comparison Perspective On How Exaggeratedly Overweight Media Portrayals Of Madea, Rasputia, And Big Momma Affect How Black Women Feel About Themselves. †Ã‚  Mass Communication Society  15. 1 (2012) : 115-135. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. Hermes, Joke. â€Å"On Stereotypes, Media And Redressing Gendered Social Inequality. †Ã‚  Contemporary Readings In Law Social Justice  2. 2 (2011): 181-187. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. How to cite African American Stereotypes in the Media, Essay examples

The phenomenon of religion is so diverse, elusive Essays

"The phenomenon of religion is so diverse, elusive and complex, hence it is polymethodic and multidimensional a concept such that no one approach can claim to study it in entirety." In light of the above assertion delineate the methodological limitations of any two approaches in the study of the Religion(s) of Africa. Religion is a complex concept to define and to deal with, hence, there is no one answer that we can give to the question what is religion. In fact, in the study of religion scholars face many problems and controversies in their attempt to come with a universal acceptance of religion which does not suffer from any lack of accuracy. The different approaches pertaining to the social sciences such as sociology, anthropology, and psychology just to name a few have been judged as inappropriate for they carry some biases, prejudices which misconceive, misunderstand religion by reducing it to what it is not. In this context, one scholar argues that 'the concept of the sui-generis nature of religion in which religion is treated as a discrete and irreducible phenomenon which exists in and of itself is a remedy to reductionism in the study of religion' (class notes). This paper aims to examine critically such a claim associated with the phenomenological approach of religion presented as the last resort in dealing with the issue of religious reductionism. In this perspective, one may first try to state precisely the significance of the concepts of 'reductionism' and 'sui-generis' in connection with the definition of religion. Secondly, one will provide evidence on how the sui- generis nature of religion is a solution to reductionism. Thirdly, one will discuss the phenomenological approach by highlighting its limits in the study of religion. In the process of handling religious concept and phenomenon many scholars fall into the trap of reductionism. Reductionism suggests the idea of reduction or to reduce and evokes the process of considering the part for the whole or to bring something general into its particular aspect. In religious field reductionism refers, according to Segal, 'to an analysis of religion in secular rather than in religious term' (Segal in Brill 4). In this sense, he explains reductionism as a situation wherein 'the origin, function, meaning, and even truth of religion are subjects to reduction' (4). J. L. Cox in Expressing the Sacred: An Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion identifies two types of reductionism namely scientific reductionism (46) and theological reductionism (55). Scientific reductionism applies to the study of religion in the light of social sciences including sociology, psychology, and anthropology among others. It concerns with the definition, description or interpretation of religious phenomena completely based on subjects which have nothing to do with religion itself (Cox 46). For instance, the Freudian view of religion holding that 'religion is a universal obsessive neurosis' (4) totally misconceives it inasmuch as it confuses religion with pure madness or illness, that is a 'psychological disturbance, one which although universal, must be overcome if humanity is to attain psychological health' (7). Such a reductionist view of religious phenomena remains similarly advocated in Marx's famous claim that 'religion is the opium of the people' (7) from it originates from the dominion and oppression of poor people by the rich. Therefore, one can state that psychological and sociological approaches fail to handle fully the phenomenon of religion for they misunderstand and misinterpret it by reducing it to realities purely relevant to human psyche or society. Theological reductionism, argues Cox, refers to cases 'in which every religion is evaluated according to the criteria established by one alone' (56). In other words, the theological truth-claims of other religions especially American and African traditional religions are discriminated and disqualified by particular religions such as Christianity, Islam or Judaism which claim in one way or another to be revealed by God Himself. To this effect, the proponents of theological reductionism in the study of religion tend to give the monopoly on truth at one religion which is regarded as the true religion (56). As a result of this type of reductionism, the so-called true religions often entertain inclusive or even worse exclusive relationship with other religious beliefs and faith. (Bring a quotation from religious pluralism paper). That is why, argues Cox, 'the theological approach fails to describe or appreciate religious expressions of those who are not believers in the so-called true religion and, therefore, it blocks understanding' (57). In contrast with religious reductionism which tends to compress and decrease the complete sense of religious phenomena, the sui-generis nature of religion treats religion 'as a discrete and irreducible phenomenon which exists in